The subjects tested in the 2026 middle school exam in the United States are typically aligned with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) and include English Language Arts (ELA), Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. These subjects are chosen to ensure a comprehensive education that prepares students for high school and beyond.

The emphasis on these subjects is due to their foundational nature in the educational curriculum. English Language Arts and Mathematics are considered core subjects because they are essential for critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving skills. According to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), these subjects are particularly crucial for preparing students for college and career readiness.

In ELA, students are assessed on reading comprehension, writing skills, and literary analysis. The NAEP reports that reading proficiency is a key indicator of future success, with strong reading skills correlating with higher educational attainment and better job prospects.

Mathematics is another cornerstone subject, focusing on computational skills, algebra, geometry, and data analysis. The CCSS emphasizes the development of mathematical reasoning and problem-solving abilities, which are vital for various career paths, from engineering to finance.

Science education in middle school covers life, earth, and physical sciences, fostering an understanding of the natural world and scientific inquiry. The NAEP also highlights the importance of science education in preparing students for the technological demands of the future.

Social Studies encompass history, geography, economics, and civics, providing students with a foundational knowledge of their country and the world. This subject is crucial for developing a well-rounded citizenry that understands the principles of democracy and the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

Data from the U.S. Department of Education indicates that these subjects are consistently prioritized in the middle school curriculum, with state and local education agencies working to ensure that students receive a well-rounded education that includes these core subjects. The focus on these subjects is further supported by the fact that they are integral components of the NAEP assessments, which are used to monitor student progress and identify areas for improvement in the nation's schools.