The Tai Dam ethnic group is primarily located in Vietnam, with significant populations also found in Laos and Thailand. This ethnic minority group, known for their distinct culture and language, has been settled in these regions for centuries. The Tai Dam people are part of the larger Tai ethnic family, which also includes the Tai Lue, Tai Yuan, and Tai Khoen, among others.

The concentration of the Tai Dam in Vietnam is particularly notable, with their communities predominantly found in the central and southern parts of the country. According to the Vietnam General Statistics Office, as of the 2019 census, there were approximately 1.3 million Tai Dam individuals living in Vietnam. This figure represents a significant portion of the Tai Dam population globally, which is estimated to be around 2.5 million. The Tai Dam in Vietnam are often found in provinces such as Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, and Kon Tum, where they engage in agriculture, particularly rice cultivation.

In Laos, the Tai Dam are also a significant ethnic group, with estimates suggesting that they constitute around 10% of the country's population. They are mainly distributed in the southern provinces of Laos, such as Attapeu and Sekong. The Lao government recognizes the Tai Dam as one of the country's ethnic minorities, and they have their own administrative autonomy in certain areas.

Thailand, another neighboring country, also hosts a considerable Tai Dam population. They are primarily located in the southern provinces, particularly in the region known as the Deep South, which has been marked by ethnic tensions and conflict. The Thai government has recognized the Tai Dam as an ethnic minority, and they have their own cultural and linguistic identity.

The dispersal of the Tai Dam across these countries can be attributed to historical migration patterns and the expansion of their territories. Over time, the Tai Dam have adapted to the local environments and have integrated their cultural practices with those of the host countries. However, they have maintained their unique language, customs, and social structures, which have contributed to their distinct identity within the broader Tai ethnic family.