The ideal cooking time for oven-baked potatoes is approximately 45 to 60 minutes, depending on the size of the potatoes. This duration allows the potatoes to achieve a tender, fluffy interior and a golden-brown exterior. The cooking time can vary based on the potato's size and the oven's temperature. Larger potatoes or those with thicker skins may require slightly longer cooking times, whereas smaller potatoes may cook more quickly.

The reason for this range in cooking time lies in the heat distribution and the thermal conductivity of the potatoes. When placed in a preheated oven, the heat penetrates the skin and starts to soften the interior. The skin acts as a barrier, and the cooking time is necessary to ensure even heat distribution throughout the potato. As the potatoes cook, the starches inside break down, creating a fluffy texture. The longer the cooking time, the more the starches convert to sugars, which contribute to the potato's flavor and tenderness.

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the recommended cooking time for a 6-ounce potato is about 45 minutes, while a 10-ounce potato may take up to 60 minutes. These guidelines are based on an oven preheated to 425°F (220°C). The cooking time can be reduced if the potatoes are cut into wedges or halves, as this increases the surface area and allows for faster heat penetration. Conversely, if the potatoes are wrapped in foil, the cooking time may be extended as the foil traps moisture and slows down the cooking process.

In summary, the optimal cooking time for oven-baked potatoes is between 45 to 60 minutes, with adjustments made based on potato size and oven temperature. This duration ensures that the potatoes are cooked through and have a desirable texture and flavor.