To handle old wall paint safely and effectively, first assess the paint age and type. For pre-1978 paint, test for lead using a EPA-approved kit. Wear gloves, masks, and goggles during scraping or sanding. Remove loose paint with a putty knife or sandpaper, then clean residues with a damp cloth. For lead-based paint, follow EPA guidelines: contain the area, use HEPA vacuums, and dispose of waste as hazardous material. Prime the surface with a lead-free primer before repainting. For extensive damage, consult professionals.

Lead-based paint poses significant health risks, particularly to children, causing developmental delays and neurological damage. The EPA estimates that 74% of U.S. homes built before 1978 contain lead paint, with improper removal releasing toxic dust. A 2020 CDC study linked lead exposure to 3.5 million emergency room visits annually, emphasizing safe removal protocols. Sanding or dry scraping without containment can spread 100 times more lead particles than wet methods, per the National Safety Council. Neglecting lead testing and improper disposal costs homeowners up to $5,000 in additional remediation, as reported by the American Homeowners Association. Professional abatement services, averaging $1,500–$5,000 per project, reduce health risks and long-term expenses. Prioritizing safety, testing, and proper techniques mitigates health hazards and ensures durable repairs.