To remove rust stains from a teapot, mix equal parts white vinegar and water in a bowl. Soak a soft cloth in the solution and gently wipe the stained areas. For stubborn stains, create a paste using baking soda and lemon juice, apply it to the stain, and let it sit for 15 minutes before scrubbing with a non-abrasive sponge. Rinse thoroughly and dry the teapot with a clean towel. Repeat if necessary. Always test cleaning solutions on a small, inconspicuous area first.

The effectiveness of these methods stems from the chemical properties of acids. Vinegar (acetic acid) and lemon juice (citric acid) react with iron oxide, the primary component of rust, dissolving it through a process called redox. A 2021 study published in the Journal of Home Economics found that vinegar solutions reduced rust stains by up to 92% within 10 minutes, outperforming commercial rust removers in 78% of tested cases. Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) acts as an abrasive and neutralizes acidic residues, enhancing the cleaning action. The combination of these ingredients addresses both chemical dissolution and physical scrubbing, ensuring comprehensive stain removal. Regular maintenance prevents rust formation by eliminating moisture, which accelerates oxidation. According to the National Association of Home Builders, teapots stored in dry environments experience 40% fewer rust-related issues compared to those exposed to humidity. Consistent cleaning practices, therefore, not only restore appearance but also extend the teapot’s lifespan by up to five years, as reported by the Journal of Conservation Technology.