To become a real estate agent in the United States, follow these steps: obtain a high school diploma or GED, complete state-approved pre-licensing courses (typically 60–90 hours), pass a licensing exam, and secure sponsorship from a licensed broker. After licensing, agents must complete continuing education (CE) annually and maintain active status.

The process is structured to ensure agents meet regulatory standards. Pre-licensing courses cover legal, ethical, and practical aspects of real estate, with states requiring exams averaging 70–80% to pass. For example, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) reports a 2022 pass rate of 68% for the national portion of the exam, while state-specific sections vary. Completing 150–300 hours of CE every two years ensures agents stay updated on laws like the Fair Housing Act or recent tax codes. Data from the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) shows agents with CE completion rates above 90% have 15–20% higher client retention than those without. Licensing fees range from $100 to $500, depending on the state, and annual renewal costs average $50–150. These requirements balance accessibility with consumer protection, as 85% of states mandate broker sponsorship to ensure mentorship and accountability.