The Water Margin, also known as Outlaws of the Marsh, is a classic Chinese novel that was written during the 14th century. This historical fiction novel is attributed to the author Shi Nai'an, although the exact date of its composition is somewhat uncertain. The novel is set in the 12th century during the Song Dynasty and tells the story of a group of outlaws who band together in resistance against corrupt officials and the Mongol invaders. The narrative is a blend of historical events, fictional characters, and folk tales.

The 14th-century timeframe for the writing of The Water Margin is based on historical evidence and scholarly analysis. The novel reflects the social and political climate of the time, including the struggles of the common people under the oppressive rule of corrupt officials and the Mongol conquest of China. The detailed descriptions of the landscapes, characters, and events suggest that the author had a deep understanding of the historical period in which the story is set.

Scholarly research supports the 14th-century dating of The Water Margin. For instance, the novel's mention of the Mongol invasion and the political turmoil of the Song Dynasty aligns with historical records from that era. Additionally, the style and language used in the novel are consistent with the literary trends of the 14th century in China. The Water Margin's influence on Chinese literature and culture is profound, and it has been translated into numerous languages, making it one of the most widely read works of Chinese fiction.