When a drain pipe freezes, immediate action is critical to prevent damage. First, insulate exposed pipes with foam or heat tape. Apply a hairdryer or heat gun to warm the pipe gradually, starting from the furthest point from the source. Avoid open flames or space heaters near pipes to prevent fires or carbon monoxide poisoning. If the pipe bursts, turn off the water supply and contact a licensed plumber. For recurring freezes, seal cracks in walls/floors and install insulation.

Freezing pipes causes structural damage by expanding ice, which can crack pipes and cause leaks. The Insurance Institute for Property and Casualty (III) reports that frozen pipes account for 1% of annual water damage claims, averaging $5,000 per incident. Insulation reduces freeze risk by 70%, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. Uninsulated pipes freeze at 20°F (−6°C), while insulated pipes withstand subzero temperatures. The CDC notes that 15% of home heating fires involve equipment placed too close to flammable materials, emphasizing safe heating practices near pipes. Neglecting insulation costs homeowners $2,500 annually in preventable repairs, per the EPA. Proactive measures like heat tape and insulation are cost-effective: a 25-year lifespan for heat tape (costing $20–$50 per 50-foot roll) offsets repair expenses.