When outdoor tap water freezes, follow these steps: shut off the main water supply to outdoor pipes, insulate exposed sections with foam or insulation materials, and allow a slow drip from indoor faucets to prevent pressure buildup. For severe cold, use heat tape or electric heating cables on pipes. If a pipe freezes, avoid thawing with open flames; use a hairdryer or warm water instead.

Freezing temperatures cause water to expand, creating pressure that can crack pipes. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) notes that pipe bursts account for over 1.5 million property damage claims annually in the U.S., with average repair costs exceeding $5,000. The National Weather Service reports that temperatures below 20°F (-6°C) significantly increase burst risks, as ice formation in pipes can stress even properly insulated systems. Insulation reduces heat loss by up to 90%, according to the U.S. Department of Energy, while a slow drip maintains pressure equilibrium. Neglecting these steps can lead to costly water damage, mold growth, and safety hazards. Proactive measures, such as winterizing outdoor systems by draining water and disconnecting hoses, further mitigate risks. Data from (2023) estimates that 30% of U.S. homeowners face pipe-related damage during extreme cold, underscoring the importance of timely preparation.