The Water Margin, also known as Outlaws of the Marsh, is a classic Chinese novel that was written in the 14th century. The exact year of its composition is not definitively known, but it is widely believed to have been written between 1350 and 1370. This novel is a part of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature and is renowned for its vivid portrayal of the lives of outlaws and bandits during the Song Dynasty's decline.

The Water Margin's authorship is attributed to a scholar named Shi Nai'an, although there is some debate about the true authorship. The novel is set in the 12th century and follows the adventures of a group of outlaws who, after being wronged by corrupt officials, band together to form a resistance group. The story is filled with elements of martial arts, romance, and political commentary, reflecting the social and political turmoil of the time.

The Water Margin's composition during the 14th century is significant because it reflects the cultural and literary trends of the era. The novel's use of vernacular Chinese, rather than the more formal literary language of the time, was a groundbreaking move that allowed a wider audience to engage with the story. This shift in literary style was part of a larger movement towards the democratization of literature in China.

Historical records and scholarly analyses support the 14th-century dating of the Water Margin. For instance, the novel's references to historical events and figures suggest that it was written during the Yuan Dynasty, which lasted from 1271 to 1368. Additionally, the novel's portrayal of the outlaws' struggle against corrupt officials and their eventual rise to power resonates with the political and social unrest of the time.

In conclusion, the Water Margin was written in the 14th century, specifically between 1350 and 1370. This novel's composition during a period of significant social and political upheaval in China not only reflects the cultural and literary trends of the era but also contributes to its enduring popularity and significance in Chinese literature.